1. What is the smallest unit of life?
Explanation: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
Report for correction2. Which organ is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body?
Explanation: The heart is responsible for pumping blood to various parts of the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients.
Report for correction3. What is the basic unit of inheritance?
Explanation: Genes are the segments of DNA that carry the instructions for making proteins and determine inherited traits.
Report for correction4. Which term refers to the genetic makeup of an individual?
Explanation: Genotype refers to the specific combination of genes an individual possesses.
Report for correction5. What process is responsible for the conversion of food into energy within cells?
Explanation: Respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
Report for correction6. What cellular structure contains the genetic material (DNA of the cell)?
Explanation: The nucleus of a cell contains the genetic material (DNA) , that carries the instructions for cell function and reproduction.
Report for correction7. What term refers to the physical characteristics an organism inherits from its parents?
Explanation: Phenotype refers to the observable physical traits an organism inherits from its parents.
Report for correction8. If a person inherits one dominant allele and one recessive allele for a trait, what is their genotype?
Explanation: Heterozygous individuals have one dominant allele and one recessive allele for a trait.
Report for correction9. Which system is responsible for protecting the body from pathogens and foreign invaders?
Explanation: The immune system defends the body against infections and foreign substances.
Report for correction10. Which organ is part of both the digestive and endocrine systems, producing insulin?
Explanation: The pancreas produces insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels and is involved in both digestion and endocrine function.
Report for correction11. How many chromosomes do humans inherit from each parent, resulting in a total of 46 chromosomes?
Explanation: Humans inherit 23 chromosomes from each parent, totaling 46 chromosomes in their cells.
Report for correction12. What is the process by which sperm and egg cells fuse to form a fertilized egg?
Explanation: Fertilization is the process where a sperm cell and an egg cell combine to form a zygote.
Report for correction13. Which genetic disorder is characterized by the absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes?
Explanation: Albinism is a genetic disorder that results in a lack of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes.
Report for correction14. What genetic disorder is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21?
Explanation: Down syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21, leading to developmental and intellectual challenges.
Report for correction15. If a child inherits two recessive alleles for a trait, what is their genotype?
Explanation: Homozygous recessive individuals have two recessive alleles for a trait.
Report for correction16. In a Punnett square, what is represented by the capital letter?
Explanation: In a Punnett square, capital letters represent dominant alleles, while lowercase letters represent recessive alleles.
Report for correction17. What term refers to the differences in traits among individuals of the same species?
Explanation: Variation refers to the differences in traits among individuals of the same species.
Report for correction18. Which genetic disorder is characterized by an abnormality in hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to take on a sickle shape?
Explanation: Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that affects hemoglobin and causes red blood cells to become sickle-shaped.
Report for correction19. What genetic disorder results from the absence of an enzyme needed to break down a specific substance, causing its accumulation in the body?
Explanation: Tay-Sachs disease is caused by the absence of an enzyme needed to break down certain lipids, leading to their accumulation in the brain.
Report for correction20. In Mendel's pea plant experiments, what is a "trait"?
Explanation: In Mendel's experiments, a trait refers to a physical characteristic of a pea plant, such as flower color or seed shape.
Report for correction21. If a heterozygous pea plant (Pp) for pea color is crossed with another heterozygous pea plant (Pp), what is the probability of getting a homozygous recessive offspring?
Explanation: The Punnett square for this cross shows a 25% chance of getting a homozygous recessive (pp) offspring.
Report for correction22. What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
Explanation: The DNA molecule has a double helix structure, resembling a twisted ladder.
Report for correction23. What process involves copying DNA to create an identical copy for cell division?
Explanation: Replication is the process by which DNA is copied to ensure each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.
Report for correction24. What is genetic engineering?
Explanation: Genetic engineering involves manipulating an organism's genes to achieve desired characteristics.
Report for correction25. Which factor contributes to the variation in traits between siblings with the same parents?
Explanation: Environmental factors and experiences contribute to the variation in traits among siblings with the same parents.
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